Brown+vs.+Board+of+education

//BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION//
 * What would break the back of Jim Crow America? What role did education play in the movement to desgregate America?**

**SETTING THE STAGE** - **[|Participate in The Road to Justice activity]**
 * Using the the links provided, analyze the landmark Supreme Court case //Brown v. Board of Education//. Cut and paste the information below into a new entry on your Unit 8 Online Notebook.** ||  ||=   ||
 * Using the the links provided, analyze the landmark Supreme Court case //Brown v. Board of Education//. Cut and paste the information below into a new entry on your Unit 8 Online Notebook.** ||  ||=   ||

Make a bulleted list of the basic facts of the cases brought to the Supreme Court
 * BASIC FACTS OF THE CASES (more than one) (check video, [|Link 1], [|Link 2], [|Link 3])**

Five cases were combined together and it was called the Brown vs. Board · These five cases were from the states of Delaware, Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia and Washington D.C. · Delaware- local cases challenged the inferior conditions of two schools for African American children · African American students were forced to attend a one-room school house and were not provided transportation to the school unlike the whites who were treated just the opposite · Although the State Supreme Court ruled in favor of the African American parents, the decision did not apply to all schools in Delaware. · Kansas- All of the cases that occurred in Kansas were about the segregation of schools · 13 parents of the NAACP agreed to be African American parents of 20 children and also attempted to enroll the children in segregated white schools, but they were all denied · Also in Topeka, there were 18 neighborhood schools for the whites and only 4 for the African Americans · South Carolina- The cases in South Carolina were against the inferior conditions African American students who experienced such while attending the segregated schools in South Carolina · The Court found that the segregated schools designated for African Americans were not in adequate conditions in terms of the buildings, the transportation and the teachers’ salaries when compared to the schools provided for whites · The school officials totally ignored the idea of having equality between the segregated schools and the schools were never made equa · Virginia- The cases in Virginia were similar to the cases that were tied and held in South Carolina · The NAACP came together and joined their struggles into challenging the inferior quality of their school facilities in court · The Supreme Court made a decision that the parents of the African American children were to be treated equal, but it was denied in the white school areas · Washington D.C.- Gardner Bishop decided to take 11 African American students on a field trip to see the new school for whites only · <span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">When they arrived, the faculties and the school officials wouldn’t let him and the students in, so they all had to go back from where they came from · <span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Supreme Court ruled "segregation in the District of Columbia public schools…is a denial of the due process of law guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment…"

List the major arguments of the plaintiff <span style="color: #1d1c14; font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> In //Plessy v. Ferguson,// the Supreme Court had misinterpreted the Fourteenth Amendment, especially in the equal protection of the laws section. The Fourteenth Amendment allowed the government to allow any discriminatory action based on race in such states. An example was allowing to have segregated public schools. The Fourteenth Amendment did not say whether such states would be allowed to have segregated education. Some tests stated that the effects of segregation damaged the minds of African American children. MAIN ARGUMENTS OF THE DEFENDANTS (for segregation) (check [|Link 1])** List the major arguments of the Defendants
 * MAIN ARGUMENTS OF THE PLAINTIFF (for integration) (check [|Link 1])**

<span style="color: #1d1c14; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The Constitution did not say that white and African American children had to attend the same schools. Each state that deals with the Social separation of blacks and whites should be left free to regulate. Segregation was not harmful to black people. Whites were trying to equalize the two educational systems, but because black children were still living with the effects of slavery, it would take some time before they were able to hang out with the white people.

What important change happened, and what was its impact?
 * THE CHANGE IN THE COURT (leading to a decision) (check** [|**Link 1**]**)**

<span style="color: #1d1c14; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Chief Justice Fred Vinson and several others believed that the constitutional authority of the Court to end school segregation was very doubtful. Though, the other justices worried that a decision to integrate schools might be unenforceable. When Vinson died, Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed Earl Warren as chief justice. Through his leadership he made a decision that became a turning point for African Americans

** THE COURT DECISION (in your own words) (check** [|**Link 1**] **and Link 2)** What did the Court decide? <span style="color: #1d1c14; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> Earl Warren wrote a turning point decision. He wrote that he agreed with the civil rights attorneys that it was not clear in the Fourteenth Amendment that such states would be allowed to have segregated education. Also he stated that education was the most important function in both state and local governments, and racial segregation of any kind didn’t give African Americans equal protection of the Fourteenth Amendment and due process of the Fifth Amendment.

**ENFORCING THE DECISION (discuss "with all deliberate speed) (Check [|Link 1] ** **)**  What was the Court's statement about the enforcement of the decision? What happened to the enforcement? <span style="color: #1d1c14; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> In the end, the decision that was made for the Brown vs. Board for a system of legal segregation was unconstitutional. The Court also stated that states should end the segregation of schools with “all deliberate speed”. The quote gave opportunity for segregationists to organize resistance. Segregationists claimed that it was considered an assault on their way of life, the played prejudices of their communities and also launched a campaign of defense and resistance

What is the overall importance and legacy of //Brown v. Board//? The original battle for school desegregation started from being a state court case to a Supreme Court case and soon the struggle of freedom for African Americans spread across the country in just amount of years. Fifty years after the //Brown// decision, the movement made by African Americans influenced other racial and ethnic minorities, women, people with disabilities, and other groups, each demanding equal opportunity.
 * THE IMPACT and LEGACY** **(Check** [|**Link 1**]**)**