Early+Years+of+the+Cold+War

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Copy this page onto a new page in your online notebook. To get an overview of the origins of the Cold War, begin by reading [|Allies to Enemies: Origins of the Cold War] from ABC-CLIO. **Use pages 794-799 in //Creating America// and** **[|“The Cold War” research list on ABC-CLIO]** **to** **develop a complete description** **for each event or idea from the early years of the Cold War.** **This information will help set the stage for tomorrow's activity. Use the first entry as an example for detail.**

· It was an international peacekeeping organization · Most nations of the world belonged to this · Founded in 1945, after WWII ||
 * **THE YALTA CONFERENCE**
 * Meeting near the end of WWII - big 3 meet to discuss post war Europe
 * Germany will be divided, controlled by the Allies
 * Liberated Eastern European countries will have new elections
 * United Nations will be formed
 * USSR is given great influence over Eastern Europe, and new government must be "Soviet freindly"
 * the roots of the Cold War are established || [[image:yalta.jpg width="299" height="227" align="center" caption="yalta.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:un.gif align="center" caption="un.gif"]] || **THE UNITED NATIONS**
 * **CONTAINMENT**
 * The Truman Admisistration's main strategy was its containment
 * Containment: was to stop the spread of communism
 * The U.S. would work in military and nonmilitary ways to contain communism
 * ||  || [[image:kennan.jpg width="281" height="218" align="center" caption="George Kenean"]] ||
 * George Kenean ||  ||
 * [[image:truman.jpg align="center" caption="truman.jpg"]] || **THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE**
 * Promised aid to people stuggling to resist threats to democratic freedom
 * The policy was an active role for the U.S.
 * It was to contain the spread of communism
 * The TD laid the ground work for the Marshall Plan
 * led to financial and military entanglements throughout the world ||
 * **THE MARSHALL PLAN**
 * Hoping to prevent the spread of communism
 * It was a plan to revive the war-torn economies of Europe
 * It offered $13 billion in aid to wester and southern Europe
 * The plan helped the nations of Europe rebuild || [[image:marshall.jpg align="center" caption="marshall.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:airlift.jpg width="344" height="261" align="center" caption="airlift.jpg"]] || **THE BERLIN BLOCKADE AND AIRLIFT**
 * In June of 1945, Allies divided Germany into four zones
 * These zone were controlled by Soviet Union, France, Great Britain and the U.S
 * The Western powers merged and planed to unite them as West Germany
 * Stalin feared a united Germany might threat the Soviet Union
 * Stalin hoped to force the Western powers to abondon the city of Berlin
 * His forces blocked access to Berlin
 * U.S. and Britain cargo planes made 275,000 flights to Berlin which carried supplies
 * In 1949 Stalin called of the blockade ||
 * **NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT**
 * In 1948 there was alarm over the communist control of the Eastern Europe
 * Led to a formation called the NATO(North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
 * NATO included U.S. Canada, and western europe nation
 * In response, the Warsaw Pact was formed
 * The Warsaw Pact included the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe Nations || [[image:nato.png width="241" height="286" align="center" caption="nato.png"]] ||
 * [[image:19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg width="262" height="229" align="center" caption="19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg"]] || **THE RED SCARE, THE ROSENBERGS, AND HUAC**
 * The anticommunist crusade gave new life to the HUAC(House Un-American Activities Committee)
 * HUAC began to target actors, directors, and writers in the movie industry for communist ties
 * Their careers were ruined
 * Red Scare: the irrational fear of communism that swept the U.S twice
 * The first one was after the WWI
 * The second was during the Cold War
 * Rosenbergs were members of the American Communist Party
 * They were convicted of passing atomic secrets to the Russians
 * They were executed in 2953 ||
 * **COMMUNISM IN CHINA** * China turned into a communism country in 1949 by the fall of the nationalist government
 * Mao Zedong became the head leader of the new communist country
 * Americans were shocked by the fall of the Nationalist government, they viewed it as a takeover Communist plot to rule the world
 * The blamed the State Department, and the American fear of communism grew || [[image:PRCFounding.jpg align="center" caption="PRCFounding.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:korean67.gif width="221" height="225" align="center" caption="korean67.gif"]] || **THE KOREAN WAR

No need to take notes - you will have a different assignment and activity** || || ||
 * **MCCARTHYISM**
 * McCarthy used the Korean War to fan Americans' feas of communism
 * He had a list of State Department officials who belonged to the communist party, but were never proven
 * But, his claim launched a hunt to Communists
 * Who wrected the careers of thousands of people
 * The term then means: to stand for feckless charges against innocent people
 * [[image:1sputnik.jpg width="201" height="225" align="center" caption="1sputnik.jpg"]] || **THE SPACE RACE**
 * 1957 when the space race began
 * The Soviet Union launched the first space satellite
 * It was named Sputnik
 * This meant that the Soviet Union had a missle powerful enough to reach the United States
 * Americans raced to launch a satillite
 * The Soviets also shot down an American U-2 plane
 * The Soviet Primar demanded an apology but the president refused ||